PHYSICS CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS FOR NEET
PHYSICS
CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS
UNIT I: Electrostatics
Details:-
• Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law-force between two point
charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous
charge distribution.
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to
infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a
dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of
a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with
and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor,
Van de Graaff generator.
UNIT II: Current Electricity
Details:-
• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and
mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance,
V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical
resistivity and conductivity.
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel
combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of
cells in series and in parallel.
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
• Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for
comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Details:-
• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its
application to current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and
toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric
fields. Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its
current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic
dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic
dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic
elements.
• Para-, dia-and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.
• Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Details:-
• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law,
Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance
and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit,
resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.
• AC generator and transformer.
UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves
Details:-
• Need for displacement current.
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet,
x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
UNIT VI: Optics
Details:-
• Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total
internal reflection and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, power
of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror.
Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
• Scattering of light- blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise and sunset.
• Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation,
correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.
• Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers.
• Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts.
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle.
• Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width,
coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane
polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Details:-
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation- particle nature of light.
• Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer
experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be
explained).
UNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Details:-
• Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model,
energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
• Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay
law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT IX: Electronic Devices
Details:-
• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and
semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse
bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and
Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor
action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
Transistor as a switch .
CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS
UNIT I: Electrostatics
Details:-
• Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law-force between two point
charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous
charge distribution.
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to
infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a
dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of
a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with
and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor,
Van de Graaff generator.
UNIT II: Current Electricity
Details:-
• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and
mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance,
V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical
resistivity and conductivity.
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel
combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of
cells in series and in parallel.
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
• Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for
comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Details:-
• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its
application to current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and
toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric
fields. Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its
current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic
dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic
dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic
elements.
• Para-, dia-and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.
• Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Details:-
• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law,
Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance
and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit,
resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.
• AC generator and transformer.
UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves
Details:-
• Need for displacement current.
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet,
x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
UNIT VI: Optics
Details:-
• Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total
internal reflection and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, power
of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror.
Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
• Scattering of light- blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise and sunset.
• Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation,
correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.
• Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers.
• Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts.
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle.
• Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width,
coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane
polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Details:-
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation- particle nature of light.
• Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer
experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be
explained).
UNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Details:-
• Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model,
energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
• Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay
law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT IX: Electronic Devices
Details:-
• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and
semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse
bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and
Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor
action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
Transistor as a switch .
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